Background: Endometrial carcinoma is considered the most common gynecological cancer in the world. Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is widely advised based on FIGO staging system. Intra-operative frozen sections analysis is used to identify patients at high risk for pelvic and para-aortic nodal metastasis evading lymphadenectomy in low-risk patients. However there is still some controversy concerning the efficiency of IFS. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and precision of frozen section diagnosis and gross examination of uterine specimen compared to the final histological results in patients with endometrial cancer.Methods: Patients diagnosed as endometrial cancer based on office biopsy using a Pipelle or D& C who underwent surgical staging were compared for frozen section analysis and PERMANENT diagnosis. Patients with the history of radiotherapy or other types of cancer or co existence malignancies were excluded.Results: There was no relation between the tumor size and lymph node involvement and the results were not significant (P=0.1). Frozen section analysis was significantly accurate and correct in predicting final histopathological results (P<0.0001). It has been shown that in more than 90% of patients the diagnosis made by frozen section analysis was in accordance with final PATHOLOGY with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Gross examination was also precise in determining myometrial microscopic invasions (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Although the sample size of the studied population was small but our study results support the previous data and suggest that in early stages and low grade tumors, gross examination and frozen section diagnosis are conveniently predictive of lymph node metastasis. These data might be useful for prediction of tumor invasion using frozen section and gross examination in low grade tumors and early stages and for doing complete surgical staging and lymph node sampling. However the importance of surgical staging always must be considered in patients who need systematic lymphadenectomy. In overall these data might help to come up with new guidelines for surgical risk assessment in endometrial cancer.

Background: Frozen section is widely used in gynecological oncology. However, the accuracy of frozen section procedure in intraoperative diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma in endometrial curettings has not been studied. Determining the accuracy of frozen section in evaluation of histopathologic findings of endometrial curettings from peri- and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).Methods: 71 women having 45 years or more with the complaint of AUB entered the study. In PATHOLOGY lab, part of fresh diagnostic sample was prepared for frozen section and the remainder was fixed and further processed for PERMANENT PATHOLOGY. PERMANENT PATHOLOGY was considered as the gold standard for evaluation of histopathologic findings. X2 and Fisher’s exact tests were used for statistical analysis.Finding: The findings of frozen section were exactly the same as PERMANENT PATHOLOGY in 70 persent of patients. Despite high specificity of frozen section in detecting various histopathologic findings, significant statistical difference was seen between frozen section and PERMANENT PATHOLOGY in all of these findings.Conclusion: Our results are in favor of the superiority of PERMANENT PATHOLOGY over frozen section in evaluation of endometrial curettings. However, according to high specificity of frozen section examination in detecting endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, it may be acceptable to rely on the results of frozen section in these conditions to make an intraoperative decision for the type and extent of surgery.

Background: Intraoperative consultation by frozen section method has an important role in decision making about the type and extent of surgery in almost all types of tissues and organs. This study was done to determine the diagnostic value of frozen section compared to PERMANENT PATHOLOGY in breast and ovarian masses.Methods: In a cross sectional investigation, 153 breast and ovarian specimens were studied. The specimens had been submitted for frozen section to PATHOLOGY lab of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran during 2009-2014. Frozen section reports were compared with PERMANENT PATHOLOGY results as the gold standard method for accurate diagnosis.Findings: There was an agreement of 96.7% between frozen section and PERMANENT PATHOLOGY. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive, false negative, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of frozen section were 96.6%, 96.8%, 3.4%, 3.2%, 95.0%, 97.8% and 96.7%, respectively.Conclusion: The results show high accuracy of frozen section for intraoperative diagnosis of breast and ovarian masses. Intraoperative consultation by frozen section can be used as a standard and valuable method to determine the type and extent of surgery in breast and ovarian masses.

Background: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of frozen section compared with PERMANENT PATHOLOGY results for detection of characteristic of head and neck tumors.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 88 patients suffered from head and neck tumors and operated during 2010-2015 in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were enrolled. The results of frozen section and PERMANENT PATHOLOGY were extracted from hospital records and sensitivity, specificity, false negative, false positive, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated for frozen section.Findings: Sensitivity, specificity, false negative, false positive, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were as 89.8%, 94.4%, 5.6%, 10.2%, 95.7%, and 87.2%, respectively; and the accuracy of frozen section was 91.8%.Conclusion: Frozen section test during surgeries is a good and valuable method for detection of characteristic of head and neck tumors. But, enough pathologist experience and precision of sampling by surgeon can lead to increase the accuracy rate of frozen section which finally leads to decrease of reoperation and relapse of disease, and better prognosis.

Objectives: Endometrial cancer is one of the most important and prevalent malignancies among women and its treatment and prognosis depends on the severity and spread of the disease in the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the frozen section (FS) as a reliable method for intraoperative decision-making in patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during September 2016-February 2017 on 50 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, detected by the diagnostic curettage which was the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy (TAH + BSO) surgery candidate in the oncology ward of Al-Zahra hospital of Tabriz. Tissue samples of TAH + BSO patients sent for FS PATHOLOGY were evaluated in terms of histological subtype criteria including endometrioid, serous, clear cell, undifferentiated, tumor grade 1, 2, and 3, tumor size in cm smaller or bigger than 2 cm, and myometrial invasion (MI) rate higher or lower than 50 %. FS results were compared to the final results of the paraffin section (PS) PATHOLOGY. Results: The concordance rate between PS and FS regarding the risk factors of endometrioid (k: 0. 492, P < 0. 001), myometrium invasion (k: 0. 729, P < 0. 001), tumor size (k: 0. 800, P < 0. 001), tumor grade (k: 0. 641, P < 0. 001), undifferentiated (k: 0. 545, P < 0. 001), adenosquamous (k: 0. 390, P < 0. 005), papillary serous (k: 0. 658, P < 0. 001), and clear cell (k: 0. 479, P < 0. 001) was 49, 73, 80, 64, 54, 39, and 65 %, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results, if FS is accurately and precisely implemented, an appropriate decision can be taken for low-risk patients. This method can successfully be adopted by the gynecologic oncologists.

Frozen section is a useful method in the diagnosis of different malignancies including those of thyroid origin. However, there are still controversies about its application, sensitivity and specificity for thyroid neoplasm. In this study, diagnostic value of frozen section (FS) was compared with PERMANENT histopathologic and Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). In this study, which was conducted in process research method, PERMANENT sample, FNA, and frozen section results in 214 patients was compared. All of these 214 patients had been seeking medical evaluation for thyroid nodules between years 1997 and 1999 in Shariati hospital. All pathologic evaluations were performed by PATHOLOGY staff of this hospital. PERMANENT PATHOLOGY was considered as the gold standard; so the specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic precision of FNA and FS were evaluated on the basis of its results. We use Macnemar test for this purpose. The number of patients during this period were 214 (160 women and 54 men). Mean age of our patients was 42.3±5.4 and their age ranged between 12 to 84 years. Pathologic results revealed that 163 of the patients (76 percent) had benign lesions, and 51 of them (24 percent) had malignant lesions. Thyroid malignancies comparised papillary carcinoma (70 percent), follicular carcinoma (13.5 percent), papilofollicular carcinoma (6 percent), medulary carcinoma (6 percent), Hurtle cell carcinoma (4 percent) and anaplastic carcinoma (5 percent). FNA was done in all of the patients before surgery and was able to determine the status of nodules in 150 patients. Sensitivity, specificity and precision of FNA in these 150 patients were 72, 96 and 90 percents respectively. When FNA was unable to determine the status of a nodule (64 remaining patients), FS was applied to do the job. A sensitivity of 36 percent, specificity of 85 percent and precision of 73 percent was found in this group of patients. Macnemar test showed that there is no significant difference between FNA and FS methods. This study showed: when FNA is not conclusive, FS will not bring any further benefit. It seems that only in suspicious cases of papillary, undifferentiated and medulary carcinomas, FS can be useful in certifying the results of FNA and choosing the appropriate surgical plan. We should wait for PERMANENT sample reports in the case of follicular or Hurtle cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Malignant ovarian tumor is one of the most fatal gynaecologic malignancies. Of all the gynecologic cancers, ovarian malignancies represent the greatest clinical challenges. It has the highest fatality to case ratio of all the gynecologic malignancies.To provide optimal management of a patient with an adnexal mass, it is important to differentiate between malignant and benign PATHOLOGY prior to and during surgery. Preoperative discrimination between the malignant and benign adnexal mass can be made with patient characteristics such as age, menopausal status, sonography and CA125 level in the peripheral blood.Frozen section has long been used as a diagnostic tool for intraoperative histopathologic determination of various surgical conditions and has an acceptable accuracy for clinical use, including gynecological diseases.The accuracy of the technique has been reported. The aim of the present study was to examine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of adnexal mass in Isfahan University.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study done in Isfahan in 2005. A total of 45 surgically removed ovarian tumors were studied. Each ovarian tumor sample was evaluated for histopathologic diagnosis using both frozen section and paraffin seethes. Interpretation was separate and blinded to benign and malignant in each technique.Results: From 45 patients of whom 68.8% had a benign tumor, 31.2% had a malignant tumor at definitive histological assessment. Sensitivity of frozen section for benign and malignant tumors was 100% and 88.5% respectively. Specificity of frozen section for benign tumors was 88.5%, and for malignant tumors 77%.Conclusion: Frozen section appears to be an accurate technique for the histopathologic diagnosis of ovarian tumors.